The Indian palm squirrel and the northern palm squirrel are both listed as Least Concern species on the IUCN Red List, and have been described as having high conservation importance. They are also both associated with Hinduism, highlighting their cultural significance. The Indian palm squirrel, or Funambulus palmarum, is a small mammal native to India and possibly Sri Lanka. This species was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1766, and is characterised by its agile movement and ability to balance on narrow surfaces. Its diet consists of plant matter, including flowers, buds, fruits and seeds, as well as insects and small invertebrates. The species is known to inhabit a range of environments, from urban areas to forests, adapting well to changes in its surroundings. The northern palm squirrel, or Funambulus pennantia, is also a resident of urban and forest habitats, preferring the latter. This species has a more carnivorous diet, consisting largely of insects, although it will also eat fruits and seeds. It is a diurnal animal, and has been observed to engage in tail-flagging displays, which are thought to be a means of communication. Both species of palm squirrel exhibit complex social behaviours, including mutual grooming and play fighting. These squirrels have a significant role in Hindu culture. They are often depicted in Hindu mythology and are associated with the god Krishna. In some temple complexes, they are actively fed and considered sacred. The squirrels' agility and dexterity are admired and symbolically linked to spiritual balance. Additionally, the Indian palm squirrel is sometimes kept as a pet in India, due to its affectionate nature and ability to mimic human actions. The future of these species seems positive, with neither facing imminent threats. They have proven adaptable to changes in their environment, including urbanisation, and their wide distribution across India and surrounding areas ensures a diverse and resilient population. However, the potential impact of climate change and habitat loss remains a concern. Ensuring their long-term survival will likely require continued conservation efforts and the implementation of sustainable practices to protect their habitats. Research into their behaviours and ecosystems could provide further insights into these fascinating species. As they continue to adapt to their surroundings, urban environments could offer new opportunities for human-squirrel interactions and mutual understanding. There is also potential for their unique characteristics and cultural significance to be celebrated and promoted, raising awareness about their importance and encouraging their conservation. Overall, the Indian and northern palm squirrels showcase remarkable resilience and adaptability, reflecting their successful evolution alongside human societies. Their fascinating behaviours and cultural connections make them valuable species for both ecological and cultural reasons.
